Whisk 1½ cups of the flour with ¼ cup sugar, the salt and yeast, in a bowl.
Stir in the milk and then 3 tablespoons of the oil, along with the white rum, vanilla, egg yolks, and oil.
Beat for 2 minutes with an electric mixer.
Stir in more flour if needed (up to ¼ cup more) to get the dough to stick together.
Now turn the dough on to a floured surface and knead for 5 minutes.
Use plastic wrap to cover, then let it sit for 10 minutes.
Meanwhile, make the filling.
Put the sugar and cornstarch in a pan over a moderate heat.
Stir in the milk and egg gradually.
Bring the mixture to a boil, stirring all the time.
Cook for about a minute or until thick.
Let it cool completely.
Use parchment paper to line a baking sheet.
Roll the dough into a disk that’s ½-inch thick.
Cut out 2½ rounds with a flour-dipped cookie cutter.
Roll any scraps back up and cut more rounds from that.
Put the rounds on the baking sheet.
Cover with a clean towel and leave for an hour.
Heat canola oil to 360°F in a deep fryer or large, heavy pot.
Drop the dough in, using a metal strainer or heatproof utensil.
Cook about 3 at once time, flipping them when dark brown on one side.
When the other side is also dark brown, drain on a wire rack.
Put a long, thin tip on a piping bag and fill with the refrigerated custard mixture.
Pipe the filling into the rounds, then brush melted butter on both sides.
Dip in sugar, then serve right away.